Classes of Organic Compounds: Part Two

Amines

• Functional Group: 
• -NH₂ 
• General Formula:  
• R-NH₂ 
• Naming:  
• Name the parent chain (methane, ethane, propane...)  
• Substitute the "-e" ending with the suffix "-amine" (methanamine, ethanamine, propanamine...) 
• Examples:  
• C₆H₁₅N --> hexylamine 
• _CH3CH2NH2 --> ethylamine 
• C₄H₁₁N --> butylamine 
• CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂  --> octylamine

• Above diagram --> nonylamine

Amides 

• Naming:  
• Name the parent chain (methane, ethane, propane...)  
• Substitute the "-e" ending with the suffix "-amide" (methanamide, ethanamide, propanamide...) 
• Examples:  
• CH₃NO --> methanamide 
• _CH3CH2CONH2 --> propanamide
• C₁₀H₂₁NO --> decanamide 
• CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CONH₂ --> octanamide

• Above diagram --> heptanamide  

Nitro

• Functional Group: 
• C≡N 
• General Formula:  
• R-C≡N
• Naming:  
• Name the parent chain (methane, ethane, propane...)  
• Add to the "-e" ending,  the suffix "-nitrile" (methanenitrile, ethanenitrile, propanenitrile...) 

• Examples:  
• CH₃CH₂CH₂CN --> butanenitrile 
• CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN --> hexanenitrile 
• CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN  --> heptanenitrile

• Above diagram --> octanenitrile  

Esters

• Naming:  
• Name the parent chain (methane, ethane, propane...)  
• Substitute the "-e" ending with the suffix "-oate" (methanoate, ethanoate, propanoate...) 
• Name the side chain that appears past the oxygen bond (methyl, ethyl, propyl...
• Place the side chain name in front of the modified parent chain name (methyl methanoate)
• Examples:  
• C₂H₄O₂ --> methyl methanoate 
• _C5H10O2 --> methyl butanoate 
• C₉H₁₈O₂ --> propyl hexanoate 
• C₆H₁₂O₂--> ethyl butanoate

• Above diagram --> methyl hexanoate  

• Above diagram --> propyl propanoate 

Below is a video lesson further expanding what we have covered in the past several lessons of the many classes of organic compounds: 

-Simon Sierra